Ludzie pragną czasami się rozstawać, żeby móc tęsknić, czekać i cieszyć się z powrotem.
Northern Ireland, recognising the need for new
Legislation was passed at Westminster authorising
political arrangements acceptable to both sides of the
a referendum on the settlement in Northern Ireland
community. The key events leading up to the
and permitting elections to a new Northern Ireland
establishment of the Northern Ireland Assembly were:
Assembly. The Irish Parliament also considered the
Agreement and passed legislation authorising
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1985: an Anglo-Irish Agreement provided a new
a concurrent referendum in the Irish Republic.
basis for relations between the UK and the Irish
Republic, creating an Intergovernmental
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1998 (May): referendums were held in both parts
Conference in which to discuss issues of mutual
of Ireland, and the Agreement received a clear
interest, such as improved cross-border co-
endorsement. Northern Ireland voted 71.1 per cent
operation and security.
in favour and 28.8 per cent against, while in the
Irish Republic the result was 94.3 per cent and
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1993: the Downing Street Declaration set out the
5.6 per cent respectively.
British and Irish Governments’ views on how a
future settlement might be achieved and restated
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1998 (June): a new Northern Ireland Assembly of
that any constitutional change would require the
108 members was elected.
consent of a majority of people in Northern
Ireland.
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1999: power was devolved to the Assembly and
its Executive Committee of Ministers under the
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1997: a new UK Government (elected in May)
Northern Ireland Act 1998. At the same time
confirmed its intention of making the talks process
a number of institutions set up to assist
as inclusive as possible and maintained that any
intergovernmental dialogue became fully
agreement reached would have to have the broad
functional (see page 17).
building control, cemeteries and tourist amenities,
Security policy
and nominate locally elected representatives to sit
The Government remains committed to ensuring
as members of the various statutory bodies
that the security forces in Northern Ireland have
dealing with, for example, education, libraries
available the powers they need to counter the
and healthcare. Local authorities in Northern
terrorist threat.
Ireland also have a consultative role in matters
such as planning, roads and housing, and offer
The system of separate and temporary legislation
leadership and support in local economic
for Northern Ireland and Great Britain has now
development.
been replaced by permanent UK-wide anti-
terrorist legislation contained in the Terrorism Act
Finance
2000 and the Anti-Terrorism Crime and Security
Unlike the other parts of the United Kingdom,
Act 2001 (see page 188).
local authorities in Northern Ireland are not
financed through a council tax. Instead they
continue to raise revenue to help fund the services
Reform of policing
they provide by levying a domestic rate on homes
An independent Commission on Policing, set up
and a business rate on commercial property.
under the terms of the Belfast (Good Friday)
Agreement, carried out an extensive review of
In 2002/03 net revenue expenditure for local
policing in Northern Ireland. Its report – A New
authorities in Northern Ireland is estimated at
Beginning: Policing in Northern Ireland (the Patten
£313 million: £261 million is financed from
Report) – was published in September 1999 and
district rates, £47 million financed by general
made recommendations which led to the Police
grant and £5 million from the reserves.
(Northern Ireland) Act 2000.
16
The United Kingdom and its people
3 Northern Ireland
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introduced measures to redress the religious
Intergovernmental dialogue
imbalance in the police service between
Under the 1998 Belfast (Good Friday) Agreement, a
Protestants and Catholics. The first group of
number of new institutions were set up to facilitate
recruits trained specifically for the new police
intergovernmental dialogue between Northern
service graduated in April 2002;
Ireland, the Irish Republic and the UK Government.
They came into operation at the same time as
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changed the name of the RUC to the ‘Police
power was devolved to the Northern Ireland
Service of Northern Ireland (incorporating
Assembly in December 1999.
the Royal Ulster Constabulary)’. For
operational purposes, the service is called the
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The North/South Ministerial Council is a forum
‘Police Service of Northern Ireland’; and
for those with executive responsibilities in
Northern Ireland and the Irish Government. The
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established a Commissioner to oversee the
Council meets on a regular basis to develop
implementation of changes.
consultation, co-operation and action on an all-
island and cross-border basis.
The Police (Northern Ireland) Act 1998 set up the
office of a Police Ombudsman to provide an
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